论量刑程序的独立性——一种以量刑控制为中心的程序理论

On the Independence of Sentencing Process

中国现行刑事审判制度确立了定罪与量刑一体化的程序模式,主流的诉讼理论也是以定罪控制为中心确立起来的。然而,法院的量刑依据与定罪依据有着明显的差异,在缺乏诉权制约的情况下,量刑裁决存在着滥用自由裁量权的可能性。只有将量刑与定罪在程序上分离开来,并使其具有基本的诉讼形态,公诉权才可以从单纯的定罪请求权发展出量刑建议权的内涵,被告人的量刑辩护才可以成为独立的辩护形态,被害人的量刑参与权才可以得到充分的保证,那种以量刑控制为中心的证据规则也才可以得到建立。为有效制约法院在量刑上的自由裁量权,确保量刑程序的公正性,量刑程序有必要从现行审判制度中独立出来。

China＇s existing criminal justice system establishes a procedural model of unified conviction and sentencing process, and current litigation theory is based around conviction control. But Courts＇ sentencing considerations and conviction considerations are different and so sentencing judgment may be misused. In order to make defendant＇s sentencing defense an independent defense and procuratorial power develops from a conviction inquiry right to a sentencing suggestion right, it is necessary to separate sentencing process from conviction process to sufficiently safeguard defendants＇ sentencing participation right and establish relevant evidence Yules.