2134例获得性医院感染部位及病原菌分析

Sites and Pathogens of Nosocomial Infection:An Analysis of 2134 Cases

目的了解医院感染部位及病原菌特点。方法统计与分析2134例医院感染的部位及病原菌特点。结果2134例医院感染患者共发生2235例次感染,下呼吸道感染居首位(30.47%),其次为上呼吸道(18.20%)及手术切口(12.17%);共检出815株病原菌,革兰阳性菌149株,革兰阴性菌456株,真菌210株;病原菌感染部位分布中,主要革兰阳性球菌分布率居前3位的为下呼吸道(42.14%)、烧伤(20.00%)及手术切口(12.86%),主要革兰阴性菌分布率居前3位为下呼吸道(44.14%)、烧伤(29.70%)、泌尿道(10.90%);真菌感染主要分布在下呼吸道(41.90%)、口腔(18.56%)、胃肠道(18.10%)。结论应针对医院感染高发部位及病原菌特点采取相应措施,以达到预防控制医院感染的目的。

OBJECTIVE To understand the sites of nosocomial infection and its pathogenic bacteria. METHODS Infection sites and pathogens of 2134 patients with nosocomial infection were analyzed. RESULTS Totally 2235 infections were occurred. The main site was lower respiratory tract（30.47 %）, followed by upper respiratory tract （18. 20%） and operated wound（12. 17%）. Among 815 strains, 149 were Gram-positive bacteria, 456 Gramnegative bacteria and 210 fungi. The rates of main Gram-positive cocci in lower respiratory tract, burned and operated wounds were 42. 14%, 20. 00% and 12.86%, respectively; the rates of main Gram-negative rods in lower respiratory tract, burned wound and urinary tract was 44. 14%, 29.70% and 10. 90%, respectively; the rates of fungi in lower respiratory tract, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract was 41.90%, 18.56% and 18.10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS According to the main sites and pathogenic hacteria of nosocomial infection, countermeasure should be taken to prevent and control nosocomial infection.