安徽省皖江地区自然人群乙型肝炎流行现况调查

A cross-sectional survey on hepatitis B among general population in areas along Yangzi River in Anhui province

目的了解安徽省皖江地区自然人群乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（HBV）感染状况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法对皖江地区自然人群进行问卷调查并采集血标本，用ELISA方法检测HBV感染标志。结果在2282例血清标本中，乙肝HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb及HBcAb流行率分别为9.8％、43.5％、1.0％、7.8％、10.3％；HBV总感染率（HBV流行率）为40.6％（926／2282）。HBsAg流行率男性高于女性（X^2=3.992，P〈0.05）。乙肝疫苗的接种率为24.7％（539／2178），10岁以下年龄组疫苗接种率最高为97.4％（76／78），学生疫苗接种率较高为78.2％（355／454），乙肝疫苗接种率农村低于城市。接种乙肝疫苗后HBsAg及HBV流行率均显著降低（P〈0.01）。结论皖江地区HBsAg的标化流行率为9.3％，为全国乙肝高流行区；尤其是农村地区乙肝疫苗接种率偏低。

Objective To describe the epidemic status of hepatitis B along the Yangzi River area, in Anhui province. Methods A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted and the samples were collected by stratified cluster sampling. Serological biomarkers to hepatitis B virus were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） reagents. Results Among 2282 people, the prevalence rates ofHBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb and hepatitis B virus infection were 9.8%, 43.5%, 1.0%, 7.8%, 10.3% and 40.6% respectively. The prevalence rate of HBsAg among males was higher than that of females （P〈0.05）. The vaccination rate was 24.7%, higher in urban than in rural areas. The vaccination rate was high in children younger than ten years old and in students. The prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV among people who had received vaccines were lower than those who had not. Conclusion The standardized prevalence rates of HBsAg （9.3%） was high in the area along the Yangzi River in Anhui province. The vaccinate rate was low in the country side. Expanded vaccinate which can obviously reduce the prevalence rate of HBsAg should be enhanced.