传统计划体制的起源、演进和衰落

Commencement, Evolution and Decline of Traditional Planning System

为什么社会主义国家在建国之初几乎是不约而同地都选择了计划经济体制，为什么这种体制当年能给社会主义国家带来令人瞩目的经济高速增长，为什么社会主义国家在大约１９８０年代之后又都遇到了种种经济难题，早年的那种经济增长势头忽然间难以为继？所有这些谜一样的问题，围绕着计划体制在人类历史上奇迹般的现身，它雄心勃勃的创新和不幸遇到的种种挫折，仍然留待人们的不断反思。这篇文章试图对这些问题做些尝试性的解释。本文所关心的问题包括：（１）计划体制在中国的起源；（２）计划体制和市场经济在时间进程中的不同绩效；

Abstract Why did socialist countries, at their starts almost without exception, choose planned economic system; why had planned economic system brought forth conspicuous high speed economic growth to socialist countries in those years and why had socialist countries met, without exception after 1980S, various economic difficult problems while the economic growth momenta in earlier years are difficult to maintain? All theses problems like riddles remain to be thought over incessantly with their miracle emergence in the histoty of mankind, their ambitious innovations and their unfortunate setbacks. Concerns in this paper include: 1)the commencement of planned economic system in China; 2)the different performances of planned system and market economy in the paces of times: 3)the decline of traditional planned system.