安徽省4县农村中学生自杀未遂的学校相关因素研究

Study on the school-related-factors of attempted suicide among rural middle school students

目的分析青少年学习成绩不良、校园欺凌、低学校满意度及学校意识与自杀未遂的关联强度，为促进学校健康教育提供依据。方法以安徽省4县16所非示范中学10894名10-21岁青少年为研究对象，按无记名方式填写问卷调查自杀未遂、校园欺凌、自评学习成绩情况。以过去一年至少1次实施过自杀行为但未致死亡界定为有自杀未遂。分别使用多维学生生活满意度量表（MSLSS）-学校满意度分量表、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表-学校意识分量表，评定青少年学校满意度和学校自我意识。结果中学生自杀未遂的报告率为5.8％；不同学习成绩及不同校园欺凌行为中学生自杀未遂报告率的差异有统计学意义，学习成绩不良中学生自杀未遂报告率高于学习成绩良好者（X^2=11.39，P=0.023）；施暴与受暴行为共存的中学生自杀未遂报告率高于仅有受暴（28.7％ vs 15.8％，P〈0.001）、施暴（28.7％ VS. 10.6％，P〈0.001）行为或无欺凌行为（287％ VS. 4.8％，P〈0.001）的中学生；以青少年和父母的利：会人口统计学变量为控制变量，多因素logistic回归分析表明，校园欺凌、学校满意度低和学校意识低是自杀未遂发生的危险因素。结论青少年自杀未遂与校园欺凌和学校意识密切相关，应根据中学生自杀未遂的校园危险因素采取必要的预防和干预措施。

Objective This study was undertaken to examine possible relationship between attempted suicide and underachievement, bullying, low life satisfaction and low self-concept at school. Methods An anonymous self-report survey assessing demographic characteristics and the major risk factors of teenage attempted suicide was completed by students from 16 middle schools in grades seven to twelve in 4 counties of Anhui province （age 10 to 21 years ）. An anonymous questionnaire was used to rate attempted suicide, bullying involvement and learning performance. Attempted suicide was defined as： experiencing specific suicide actions at least one time during the 12 months preceding the survey. Multidimensional Students＇ Life Satisfaction Scale and Children＇ s Self-concept Scale were used to evaluate satisfaction and self-conscience on and at respectively. In total, 10 894 respondents substantially completed the survey. Multiple logistic-regression analyses, controlling for socio-demographic variables, was used to analyze if underachievement, bullying, low school life satisfaction and low children＇s self-conscience at school had been risk factors. Results 629 participants （5.8%） reported having made at least one attempted suicide within the last 12 months. Students being underachieved were significantly having more attempted suicide events than those excellent students （X2=11.39, P=0.023）. Students being both bully-victims and practiced bully were significantly more than those being only practiced bully （28.7% vs. 15.8%, P〈0.001 ）, being victims （28.7% vs. 10.6%, P〈0.001 ） or having neither of them （28.7% vs. 4.8%, P〈0.001 ）. Results from multiple logistic regression analyses showed that underachievement, bullying, lower school life satisfaction and low self-conscience were risk factors for attempted suicide. Conclusion Data from this study confirmed that school bullying and children＇s self-conscience at school were significantly associated with attempted suicide among rural middle school students in Anhui province. It is of importance to improve the school＇ s environments to reduce the risk of attempted suicide among this group.