科层组织中的异层级化趋向——基于宝钢集团公司管理体制的案例研究

The Trend towards Hierarchical Organizations as a Variation of Hierarchy—a Case Study Based on the Managerial Setup of Shanghai Baoshan Steel Company Group

在科层制存在价值备受怀疑的当今商界环境中,是以网络型组织来替代它,还是使它在某种形态的变异中成为一种可存续下来的制度安排,是社会学、经济学和管理学领域普遍关注的问题。在致力于赫伯特·西蒙倡导的"管理型组织"研究中,本文发现了相异于传统科层制的异层级化组织,是在企业运营管理系统和战略管理系统中都具有适用性的一种变异的科层组织模式。基于宝钢案例的定性研究显示,在权力分散化和业务集中化这两个看似相反方向的演变中,科层制组织可以通过向异层级化结构的变异而获得继续生存的价值。而变异后的科层组织中,上令下从的权威服从体系就转变为由各层管理者作为自主决策的主体在网络化联结中所形成的纵向权力关系网络。本文试图在科层与网络的"握手"中添加组织模式的多样性,并丰富科层组织研究的内涵。

When the value of the existence of heterarchical system is exceptionally distrusted at present in the business climate, whether this system should be replaced by cyberized organizations or whether it should be made to regain its value through some form of variation is a question that has attracted wide attention in the academic circles of sociology, economics and management science. When we devoted ourselves to the study of 'administrative organization' proposed by Herbert Simon, we have found that heterarchy, alien to the traditional rules of hierarchy, is a variation of hierarchical organizations model that is applicable both in the system of enterprises’ operation management and in the system of enterprises’ strategic management. The results of our qualitative study based on the case of Shanghai Baoshan Steel Company Group show that, in the evolution of power decentralization and that of operation centralization, which seem to be opposite in direction, heterarchical organizations can get the value of survival by the variation towards the heteromerous structure. But in the after-variation heterarchical organizations, the system in which the subordinate obeys orders from the higher authority will be turned into the longitudinal-relationship network shaped in the cyberized connection by the managers of various levels who are the main body in decision-making. In this paper, we attempt to add, in the process of heterarchical organizations and network 'shaking hands', the variety of organizational models, and to enrich the connotation of the study on heterarchical organizations.