债权实现中的利益平衡--以汶川震后银行贷款处理为中心

Benefit Balance in Credit Realization——Focus On the Bank Loans After the Wenchuan Earthquake

汶川地震使得银行的巨额债权难以实现,舆论认为应当进行债务豁免,商业银行则更希望其债权能得到保护,冲突解决的关键在于如何平衡债权人的合法权利与债务人的生存权,但现行法律及司法解释对此的规定或者不够精细,或者其风险分配值得商榷。债权人与债务人的风险分担应该满足公平原则与效率原则,其核心就是使个体所承担的风险最小化。短期看,可以通过比较债务豁免、债务延期、强制执行等策略的优劣来选择最为实用的措施,政府应当明确其能与不能的边界;长期看,需要个人破产、巨灾保险等制度的建立与完善。

The Wenchuan earthquake became a disaster,and it caused great casualties and property loss.Some debtors are too badly off to repay their debts for no source of income and losing their working abilities during the devastating earthquake.So how can the commercial banks implement the loans? The public want the commercial banks should give an exemption,and the banking regulator ordered the domestic banks to write off bad loans.But the commercial bank's lendings also need to be protected.How can we get a balance between the commercial banks and the debtors? Shortly,we can choose exemption、 debt postponed or compulsory execution,but the personal bankruptcy and catastrophe insurance are important in the long run.