运动训练对海马LTP的影响及其机制

Influences and Mechanism of Exercise Training on Long-term Potentiation in Hippocampus

长期适宜的运动可以提高人或动物的学习记忆能力,但其作用机制尚未明确。突触传递的LTP是学习记忆的神经基础之一,也是突触可塑性的功能性指标之一。运动训练提高了海马的可塑性和齿状回长时程增强效应(LTP)的表达;延缓了NMDA受体通道的老化;使一氧化氮合酶的活性增强,进而增加脑内一氧化氮(NO)的释放;使海马脑源性神经营养因子BDNF mRNA的表达上调,这些变化引发突触结构和功能的改变,增强了海马LTP的效能,从而改善了学习记忆的能力。运用文献综述法,从运动训练对LTP的影响以及运动训练影响海马LTP的可能机制等多个方面,分析并探讨运动训练提高学习记忆能力与LTP表达增强的关系,试图在分子水平上为运动训练促进学习记忆能力提高提供一个证据。

Increasingly studies indicated that long-term moderate exercise training could improve the ability of learning memory of human or animal,but the mechanism of it was unclear. Long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission is one of the nervous fundaments and is also one of the functional indexes of synaptic plasticity. Exercise training may improve the hippocampal plasticity and the expression of long-term potentiation in dentate gyrus,delay the aging of NMDA receptor channel, enhance the activity of NOS, which promotes the release of NO in the brain,and up-regulate the expression of hippocampal BDNFmRNA. All these influences alter the structures and functions of synapses and enhance the efficacy of LTP in hippocampus, thus improving the abilities of learningmemory. Through using the method of literature summarization, this paper proved that exercise training could improve learning-memory at the molecular level, completely analyzed and discussed the relationship between exercise training improving the ability of learning-memory and the expression of LTP from the effect of exercise training on LTP and the possible mechanism of hippocampal LTP which exercise training affected.