杭州市公共交通司机苯系物暴露与健康风险的评价

BTEX Exposure and Health Risk Assessment among Bus Drivers in Hangzhou City

目的了解杭州市公共交通司机工作期间苯系物(BTEX)的暴露量,评价此职业危险指数HI和致癌风险R的水平。方法于2008年5月14日—6月25日采集了杭州市不同类型公交车行驶期间车厢空气样本,用二硫化碳洗脱气相色谱法定量测定不同类型公交车车厢中BTEX的含量,并进行不同类型公交车环境中BTEX浓度的危险指数HI和致癌风险R的计算。结果公交司机工作环境空气中BTEX总浓度为42.19～192.57μg/m3,其中苯为9.39～43.12μg/m3,其职业BTEX的危险指数小于1,在安全范围之内,而苯的致癌风险为4.85×10-6～7.31×10-6,大大超过了美国EPA制定的致癌风险限值(1×10-6)。结论公交车司机的职业暴露存在较大的致癌风险。

[Objective] To understand the personal exposure dose of BTEX for the bus drivers in Hangzhou during the work time, and evaluate occupational hazards index HI and the level of the carcinogenic risk R. [Methods] The samples of the air in different kinds of bus carriages during the running time were collected during May 14, 2008 -June 25. The carbon disulfide eluting gas chromatography was adopted to investigate the contents of BTEX and estimate BTEX concentration risk index HI and carcinogenic risk R in different kinds of buses. [Results]The total concentration of BTEX in the air of the bus carriages was 42.19-192.57 μg/m^3, while the benzene concentration was 9.39 - 43.12 μg/m^3, BTEX occupational risk index was less than 1 within the safe range. However, the cancer risk of benzene was 4.85 × 10^-6 -7.31 × 10^-6, which was much higher than the upper limit （1×10^-6） established by EPA of America. [Conclusion] Greater risk of cancer exists in bus drivers occupational exposure.