深圳市主要行业职业性噪声危害状况的调查

Occupational Noise Hazard of Major Industries in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市企业生产性噪声的危害状况,为保护劳动者身体健康提供科学依据。方法对深圳市存在噪声危害的86家企业进行横断面流行病学调查,对作业场所中897个噪声作业点的生产性噪声强度进行检测,并对1625名噪声接触者和325名对照人群进行职业健康检查。结果噪声防护措施未能完全落实,作业点噪声强度检测合格率较低(59.2%),职业健康检查观察组高频听力损伤、神经衰弱、语频听损的检出率均高于对照组,2组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),其中噪声作业人员高频听力损伤发生率为32.9%,语频听力损失率为3.3%,且检出率随着接触时间增加而增加。结论深圳市企业生产性噪声分布广,强度大,预防、控制生产性噪声危害与提高职业性听力损伤的防治水平是深圳市当前和今后职业卫生工作的重点。

[ Objective ] To understand the productive noise hazards of enterprises, and provide scientific evidence for protecting workers＇health. [ Methods] A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the noise condition in 86 enterprises. The noise intensi- ties were measured in 897 operating points and occupational health surveillance was done on 1625 noise exposed workers and 325 control people. [ Results ] Noise protective measures were not well implemented. The noise intensities eligible rate was lower { 59.2% ）. The detections of high-frequency hearing loss, neurasthenic and word-frequency hearing loss in observed group were higher than that in control group by occupational health examination, the difference was significant （ P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05 }. The rate of high-frequency hearing loss was 32.9% and the rate of word-frequency hearing loss was 3.3 % in noise exposed workers, and the detection rate increased along with the exposed time. [ Conclusion] The high-intensity occupational noise of enterprises in Shenzhen distribute widely. The future focus of occupational health is prevention and control of productive noise hazards and improving occupational hearing injury prevention and treatment.