石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料在空间遥感器镜筒结构中的应用

Application of graphite fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite to body tube structure in space remote sensor

为了设计和制造出性能更加优越的空间遥感器,对一种新型航天材料—石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料(Gr/Al com-posite)进行了研究。突破了石墨纤维与铝合金的界面反应控制、纤维铺层和缠绕设计等关键技术,成功制备了石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料,材料的密度为2.12×103kg/m3,弹性模量为129 GPa,线膨胀系数为5.0×10-6K-1。针对这种复合材料,摸索出一套完整的加工和后处理工艺,并首次把这种复合材料应用在空间红外遥感器镜筒结构设计中,设计的镜筒较之钛合金镜筒减重31.8%。最后,完成了镜筒组件的加工装配、透镜的装校和随机振动试验。实验结果表明,镜筒组件的一阶谐振频率为284 Hz,高于100 Hz的设计要求,振动试验后光机系统没有发生变化。上述工作表明,石墨纤维增强铝基复合材料在航天遥感领域具有较高的应用价值。

In order to design and manufacture more excellent space remote sensor, a new type of astronautic material -- graphite fiber reinforced aluminium matrix composite （Gr/AI composite） is investigated. Several crucial technologies, such as interface reaction controls of graphite fiber and aluminum alloy, designs of fiber laminating and winding are systematically studied. Then, Gr/AI composite is successfully prepared in density of 2.12 × 10^3 kg/m^3 ; modulus of elasticity of 129 GPa and thermal expansion coefficient of 5.0×10 ^-6 K^-1. Aiming at this composite, a set of manufacture and post-processing technology is explored in detail. Moreover,the composite is applied to design of the body tube of a space infrared remote sensor for the first time. The weight of Gr/AI composite body tube is lighter 31.8% than that of titanium alloy. Finally, the body tube preparation and assemble, lens setting and calibration, random vibration test are conducted respectively. The experimental results indicate that the first order resonance frequency of body tube component is 284 Hz（more than 100 Hz,design requirement）. There is not any change for optical and mechanical system after vibration test. Accordingly, above research suggests that Gr/Al composite has important use value in space remote sensing field.