湖南省常德市中学生常见病现况调查

Prevalence Survey of Commonly Encountered Diseases Among Middle School Students in Changde

目的了解常德市中学生常见病现况,为学校制定预防保健和健康教育干预措施提供依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取3所学校全体学生进行健康体检。结果三学校总患病率间差异有非常显著性意义(χ2=40.46,P<0.01)。其中甲学校中学生肥胖非常显著地高于乙、丙学校(χ2=99.14、79.25,P均<0.01),龋齿亦是甲学校非常显著地高于乙、丙学校(χ2=23.29、24.85,P均<0.01)。沙眼则是乙、丙学校非常显著地高于甲学校(χ2=41.51、54.05,P均<0.01)。视力低下三校间差别有非常显著性统计学意义(χ2=26.14,P<0.01)。营养不良三校间差别则无统计学意义(χ2=0.4981,P>0.05)。年级间总患病率差别有非常显著性意义(χ2=27.20,P<0.01)。其中三年级中学生肥胖非常显著地高于一、二年级(χ2=10.82,P<0.01;χ2=4.98,P<0.05);龋齿一年级与二、三年级比较差别无统计学意义(χ2=0.71、1.04,P>0.01);而沙眼、营养不良三年级间差别也无统计学意义(χ2=1.49、2.38,P均>0.05);视力低下三年级与一、二年级比较差别有非常显著性统计学意义(χ2=55.25、9.55,P均<0.01)。肥胖女生显著高于男生(χ2=13.54,P<0.01);视力低下则女生显著高于男生(χ2=17.27,P<0.01)。结论常德市中学生常见病患病率较高,其中视力低下、肥胖和龋齿是常见病的防治重点,学校和卫生相关部门应开展针对性健康教育,以提高学生的健康水平。

Objective To investigate the current status of commonly encountered diseases among the middle school students of Changde City, and to provide the evidence for schools in making policy of prevention and healthcare, and developing health education and intervention measures. Method Byusing a stratified cluster sampling method, students from three middle schools were chosen randomly to conduct health check - up. Results The comparison of the total prevalence rates in three middle schools showed very marked significance （X^2 = 40.46, P〈 0.01）. Among them, obesity of the students of middle school A was significantly higher than that of the students of middle school B and C （X^2 = 99.14, X^2 = 79.2.5, both P〈0.01）. Dental caries of the students of middle school A was also significantly higher than that of the students of middle school B and C （X^2 = 23.29, X^2 = 24.85, both P〈 0.01）. Trachoma of the students of middle school B and C was significantly higher than that of the students of middle school A .（X^2 = 41.51, X^2 = 54.05, both P〈 0.01）. There was a statistically significant difference in poor vision among the three middle schools （X^2 = 26.14, P 〈 0.01）. No statistically significant difference was seen regarding malnutrition among the three middle schools （X^2 = 0. 4981, P 〉0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the total prevalence rate among the different grades （X^2 = 27. 20, P〈 0.01）. Obesity status in Grade 3 students was significantly higher than that of Grade1 or 2 （X^2 = 10.82, P〈0. 01; X^2 = 4.98, P〈0.0.5）. The comparison of dental caries between Grade 1 and Grade 2 or 3 showed no statistically significant difference （X^2 = 0.71, X^2 = 1.04, P 〉 0.01 ）, while there was no statistically significant difference in trachoma and malnutrition among the three different grades （X^2 = 1.49, X^2 = 2.38, all P〉0.0.5）. There was a statistically significant difference in poor vision between Grade 3 and Grade 1 or 2 （X^2 = 55.2.5, X^2 = 9.55, both P〈 0.01 ）. Obesity and poor vision in girls were significantly higher than those in boys （X^2 = 13.54, X^2 = 17.27, both P〈 0.01）. Conclusions The.prevalence rate of commonly encountered diseases is high in the middle school students of Changde City, and much more attention should be paid to prevention and treatment of poor eyesight, obesity and dental caries. For improving middle school students＇ health condition, it is necessary for schools and relevant departments to develop targeted health education among them.