栽培条件对肥地小麦生育和产量的影响

Effects of Cultivation Conditions on Growth and Yield of Wheat in Land with High Fertility

[目的]为小麦高产栽培提供依据。[方法]采用单因子试验和正交试验研究了不同因素对小麦生育和产量的影响。[结果]单因子试验结果表明。450kg／hm^2氮肥处理的产量最高。穗数随着磷肥用量的增加而逐渐增多，穗粒数和千粒重逐渐降低。总茎数随着播量的增加而增多。播量多穗粒数少。千粒重低。9月24日、10月3日、10月13日播种，产量最高的播量分别为82．5、105．0、142．5kg／hm^2。正交试验结果表明。总茎数和穗数随着行距的增加逐渐减少，穗粒数和穗粒重则逐渐增多。行距10．0～26．7cm的产量最高。总茎数和总穗数随磷肥用量的增加而增多。穗粒数随着氮肥用量的增加而增加。施尿素450ks／hm^2的产量最高，平均7211kg／hm^2。[结论]试验中，以尿素360kg／hm^2增产效果最佳。磷肥用量、基本苗、行距、品种对产量影响不大。

[ Objective ] The aim was to provide the basis for the wheat cultivation with high yield. [ Method ] The sigle factor test and orthogonal test were taken to investigate the effect of different cultivation conditions on the wheat growth and yield. [ Result] The result of single factor test showed that the yield of N fertilizer treatment at 450 kg/hm^2 was the highest. With the increase of P fertilizer amount, the spike number increased gradually while the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight decreased gradually. The total stem number increased with the increment of sowing rate. The more sowing rate was, the less spike number and 1 000-grain weight were. Sowing at September 24, October 3 and 13, the sowing rate of highest yield was 82.5, 105.0, 142. 5 kg/hm^2 , resp.. The result of orthogonal test showed that with the increase of row spacing, the total stem number and spike number decreased gradually and the grain number per spike and the grain weight per spike were increased gradually. The yield of row spacing with 10.0 - 26.7 cm was the highest. The total stem number and spike increased with the increment of P fertilizer amount. Grain number per spike increased with the increment of N fertilizer amount. The yield of urea application at 450 kg/hm^2 was the highest, being 7 211 kg/hm^2 in on average. [ Conclusion] In the experiment, the yield-increasing effect of urea application at 360 kg/hm^2 was optimal, and the effect of P fertilizer amount, basic seedling, row spacing and variety on yield was little.