美洲鲥鱼消化系统消化酶活性研究

Study on the Digestive Enzyme Activities in the Digestive System of Alosa sapidissima

[目的]研究美洲鲥鱼消化酶的理化特性，为人工养殖美洲鲥鱼的饲料配方提供理论依据。[方法]用福林-酚法和3，5-二硝基水杨酸法分别测定美洲鲥鱼消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性，试验数据用SISS软件进行统计分析。[结果]结果表明：在37℃、pH值7．34条件下，美洲鲥鱼蛋白酶活性的大小顺序依次为：胃〉幽门垂〉肠道，其中，肝脏和胃盲囊没有检测到蛋白酶活性。除肝脏和胃盲囊、胃和幽门垂蛋白酶的活性差异不显著（P〉0．05）外，其他组织间蛋白酶活性差异板显著（P〈0．01）；在37℃、pH值5．68～8．85条件下，美洲鲥鱼淀粉酶活性的大小顺序依次为：肝脏〉幽门垂〉肠道〉胃〉胃盲囊，其中，幽门垂和肠道、胃和胃盲囊淀粉酶的活性差异不显著（P〉0．05），其他组织间差异极显著（P〈0．01）；美洲鲥鱼幽门垂蛋白酶的最适pH值为8．48，最适pH值范围为8．10～8．85；幽门垂和肝脏中淀粉酶的最适pH值均为8．10；肝脏中淀粉酶的最适pH值范围为8．10～8．48。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the physic-chemical properties of digestive enzyme of Alosa sapidissima and provide theoretical references for artificial feed formula of Alosa sapidissima. [ Method ] The protease and amylase activity of different digestive organs of Alosa sapidissima were determined using Folin-phenol method and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method respectively. Then, the experimental data were analyzed using SPSS. [ Result] The results showed that the order of protease activity in Alosa sapidissima at pH value 7.34 and temperature 37 ℃ was as follows ： Stomach 〉 pyloric caeca 〉 intestine, the activity in hepatopancreas and gastric caeca were not detected. The differences of protease activities between hepatopanereas and gastric caeca as well as stomach and pyloric caeca were not significant, but the protease activity in other alimentary organs had significant difference. The order of amylase activity in Alosa sapidissima at pH value 5.68 - 8.85 and temperature 37 ℃ was as follows ： Hepatopaucreas 〉 pyloric caeca 〉 intestine 〉 stomach 〉 gastric caeca. The differences of amylase activities between pyloric caeca and intestine as well as stomach and gastric caeca were not significant（ P 〉0.05 ）, but the amylase activities in other alimentary organs were significant. The optimum pH value of protease of pyloric caeca was 8.48, and the optimum pH value range of protease of pyloric caeca was 8.10 -8.85. The optimum pH value of amylase in pyloric caeca and hepatopancreas was both 8.10, and the optimum pH value range of amylase of hepatopancreas was 8.10 - 8.48.