汞·铬和镍对唐鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价

Acute Toxicity of Mercury,Chrome and Nickel to Tanichthys albonubes and Their Safety Assessment

[目的]研究唐鱼对汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)3种重金属的致毒敏感度和安全质量浓度。[方法]采用静水法测试唐鱼对Hg、Cr和Ni重金属溶液的半致死浓度,并评价水环境Hg、Cr和Ni对鱼类的影响。[结果]Hg、Cr和Ni对唐鱼不同时间的半致死质量浓度曲线表明,Hg对唐鱼为剧毒物质,Ni为中毒物质,Cr为低毒物质。3种重金属的毒性依次为Hg>Ni>Cr。Hg、Ni和Cr对唐鱼的24、48、72、96 h的LC50分别为0.105、0.092、0.084、0.075 mg/L,36.230、21.960、13.780、9.268 mg/L,84.030、72.260、65.210、55.960 mg/L,其安全质量浓度分别为0.008、0.927、5.596 mg/L。[结论]唐鱼对这3种重金属的耐受性较高;各种重金属离子共存时可能对唐鱼存在某种协同或拮抗作用,温度、溶解氧等理化因子的改变对重金属的毒性也有影响,还影响LC50值。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the toxicity sensitivity of Tanichthy albonubes to 3 kinds of heavy metal as mercury （Hg）, nickel （Ni） and chrome （Cr） and their safe quality cohen. [ Method ] The median lethal cohen. （ LCso ） of Hg, Cr and Ni heavy metal solution to T. albonubes was determined with the statie test method and the effect of Hg, Cr and Ni in water environment on fish was evaluated. [ Result] The median lethal quality conch, curve of Hg, Cr and Ni to T. albonubes in different time showed that Hg was a drastic toxicant to T. albonubes, Cr was median toxicant and Ni was low toxicant. The toxicity sequence of three heavy metals to T. albonubes was Hg 〉 Ni 〉 Cr. The LC50 of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h for Hg to T. albonubes were 0. 105, 0. 092, 0. 084 and 0. 075 mg/L, resp. , that for Ni were 36. 230, 21. 960, 13. 780 and 9. 268 mg/L, resp. and that for Cr were 84. 030, 72. 260, 65. 210 and 55. 960 mg/L, resp. The safe quality conch, of Hg, Cr and Ni were 0. 008, 0. 927 and 5. 596 mg/L, resp. [ Conclusion ] The tolerance of T. albonubes to 3 kinds of heavy metal was higher. The coexistence of each heavy ion might had some cooperation or antagonism effect and the change of physical and chemical factors such as temperature and dissolved oxygen had some effect on the toxicity of heavy metal, as well as on LC50 value.