稀土尾矿区10种植物对重金属的吸收与富集作用

Absorption and Enrichment of 10 Plants to Heavy Metal in Rare Earth Tailing Area

[目的]为重金属污染土壤的植物修复提供依据。[方法]在冕宁牦牛坪稀土尾矿区采集了10种植物和相应的土壤样品，测定了Ph、Zn、Cu、Cd的含量。[结果]冕宁牦牛坪稀土尾矿区主要是Ph的污染，Pb的浓度为1192．70～5077．19mg／kg。除土荆芥外，其他植物的地上部（TF〉1）对Ph和Zn有富集作用或是地上部与根部富集量相当（苦苣TFPb=0．98）；而Cu和Cd的富集部位均在根部（TF〈1），但苦蒿（TFCu〉1）除外。豚草对Cu的富集系数大于1，醉鱼草和土荆芥对Cd的富集系数大于1，其他不同种植物对不同类型重金属的富集系数不尽相同，但均小于1。[结论]除土荆芥外，其他9种植物都对Ph和Zn有较强的转移能力。苦蒿对Cu和醉鱼草对Cd有较强的吸收富集能力。

[ Objective ] The aim was to provide the basis for phytoremediation in heavy mental contaminated soil. [ Method ] In Maoerniu rare earth tailing area in Mianning County, 10 kinds of plants and related soil examples were collected to determine the Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd content. [ Result ] It was Pb contamination mainly in Maoerniu rare earth tailing area and the Pb concn, was 1 192.70 -5 077.19 mg/kg. Except Chenopodium ambrosioides L. , the aboveground of other plants had an enrichment （ TF 〉 1 ） to Pb and Zn or the enrichment amount in aboveground and root was equal（ Sonchus oleraceus L. , TFPb = 0.98 ）. The enrichment part of Cu and Cd was in root （ TF 〈 1 ） except Centaurea picris （ TFCu 〉 1 ）. The enrichment coefficient of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. to Cu was bigger than 1 and that of Buddleja lindleyana and C. ambrosioides to Cd was bigger than 1, while that of other plants to various heavy mental was different, bnt all was less than 1. [ Conclusion] Except C. ambrosioides, other 9 kinds of plants had a stronger metastatic ability to Pb and Zn. C. picris Pall had a higher capability of absorption and enrichment to Cu and B. lindleyana had a higher capability of absorption and enrichment to Cd.