中国宪法诉讼存在论

Constitutional Complaints in China

对于中国是否存在宪法诉讼,我们不能从严格的西方标准来回答,而应从中国实际出发来分析。在理论上,我国宪法并不排斥宪法诉讼,但是,即便最高人民法院出台不支持宪法进入诉讼的司法解释,在司法实践中宪法案件却仍然是存在的。而且,在建立宪法诉讼制度在我国还存在宪法政治化的观念、制度阙如、宪法依据不足等障碍,宪法诉讼功能也尚未发挥出来的情况下,宪法诉讼却已形成由普通法院审理、不存在违宪审查、无独立诉讼形式和以基本权利为诉求的特点。

As to whether there are constitutional complaints in China, one must analyze it from China＇ s practical situation rather than answer it with the rigid western test. In logic, the Constitution of the PRC does not exclude constitutional complaints. They can be found in judicial practice even if the judicial interpretations made by the Supreme People＇ s Court lend no support to applying constitutional provisions to litigation. Further, while we may still encounter obstacles such as politicization of constitution, inadequacy of system or insufficiency of constitutional authorities, and while the litigatory function of constitution has not be fully exercised, constitutional complaints in China have formed the features that the relevant litigation is heard before courts with general jurisdiction, no unconstitutional review is held, no separate procedure exists and claims center on fun- damental rights.