论动作词语的释义问题

On the Interpretation of Gesture Symbols

口语交际时表达者常用一些动作、姿势、表情等非语言手段(如点头、摇头、皱眉、微笑、翘大拇指等)来传递信息,这些指称或描述身体动作、姿势、表情等非语言手段的词或短语,有一些可以表达比较固定的语义,这类词语可简称为"动作表义词语"或"动作词语"。具体考察《现代汉语词典》和《汉语大词典》中的此类词语的收录情况和释义处理,发现存在一些问题。那些结构凝固性强的、有固定义项的动作表义词语,词典应该系统收录,尽量避免多收或遗漏。对动作表义词语的释义,应该有统一的体例,释义项目尽量齐全一致,避免随意性;释义应完备周密,尽可能准确反映语言事实;释义用词应严谨一致;近义的动作词语的释义处理尽量照应周到。这项研究对词典收词和释义、对对外汉语词汇教学、对学习型词典的编纂都很有价值。

In oral communications, to convey certain message, multiple non- verbal means may be employed, such as certain moves, gestures and facial expressions （ nodding, head - shaking, frowning, smiling and thumbs - up,etc. ）. The words and expressions, used to describe those moves, gestures and facial expressions and to deliver some formulaic denotations, are labeled as ＂gesture symbols＂. The article takes a close look at the interpretation of gesture symbols collected in ＂Modern Chinese Dictionary＂ and ＂Great Chinese Dictionary＂. It points out that dictionaries should systematically collect those gesture symbols with fixed or semi -fixed denotations, without overlaps or omissions. A unified system should be proposed to achieve comprehensiveness and rigorousness in the interpretation of those symbols. The article is meant to shed some light on the collection and interpretation of entries in dictionaries,teaching Chinese as a secondary language and the making of learning- dictionaries.