论司法实践中的痕迹鉴定和同一认定结论

Identification of Trace Evidence and Expression of Conclusions in Judicial Proceedings

痕迹鉴定是一种司法活动,经鉴定后得出的结论尤其是同一认定结论在司法实践中具有很大的价值,某些时候成为定案的主要或唯一证据。但在实践中,却曾发现本来只能给出种类认定等其它结论,却得出了同一认定结论;或者能够得出同一结论却只给出种类认定等其它结论。前者有可能误导法官,被法庭采信成为定案的证据之一,导致冤、假、错案;后者则淹没了同一认定结论在司法实践中应有的价值。只有掌握痕迹鉴定的规律,充分挖掘痕迹本身的信息,才能最大程度发挥同一认定结论的司法价值。

Trace evidence identification belongs to judicial activity, and its conclusions, especially the identifying conclusions, have great value in judicial proceedings. Sometimes the conclusions are the major or the only evidence to determine the fact of a case. But in practice, two phenomena exist. One is that individual identifying conclusions are given when only class identifying conclusions are proper, the other vice versa. In the first situation, the conclusion may mislead judges and be accepted as evidence in determining the verdict. In the second situation, the value of identification may be reduced. It is concluded that only when the rule of trace evidence identification is well known and the information in trace evidence is thoroughly deplored, can the identifying conclusions play the full role in judicial proceedings.