《搜神记》中的“是”字句——《搜神记》语言研究系列之二

"Shi" Style Sentence in Tale of Looking for God

"是"字判断句在战国末到两汉时期产生,之后有了很大的发展。处于中古时期的《搜神记》中的"是"字判断句在语法构成和表意功能等方面都和上古汉语情况有所不同:判断句的表达系统发生了变化;表判断的属性取代指代性成为"是"的最主要用法;"是"字判断句的使用促使了"非"字判断句的逐渐消亡;句末语气助词"也"的判断功能也逐渐退化。这些语法现象都反映出"是"字判断句在中古汉语时期的新变化。

The syntactic approach of ＂Shi＂ style comes into being between Warring States periods and Han dynasty. ＂Shi＂ style sentence in Tale of Looking for God belongs to medieval Chinese, which differs from ancient Chinese in grammar structure and expressing function. For example, the whole sentence system also changes a lot, and the essential function of substitute is replaced by judgment,its usage makes ＂Fei＂ style judgment sentence disappearing in medieval Chinese,and the judgment function of ＂Ye＂ which expressing mood is degenerating.