桂南地区冬季单栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析

Analyze of Microclimate Characteristics of Plastic Greenhouse in Winter in Southern Area of Guangxi

对单栋塑料大棚内外的冬季小气候条件进行观测,并且分析棚内小气候特征。分析结果表明,棚内透光率为70%～80%,阴天较高,晴天较低;棚内日平均气温增温1.3～1.9℃,最高气温增温3.9～8.4℃,最低气温增温0.8～1.3℃,棚内日较差高于棚外2.7～7.1℃,晴天及多云天夜间出现0.2～0.9℃的"温度逆转"现象;棚内0,5,10,15,20cm各土层地温平均增温2.8～3.6℃;棚内地表最高温度增温0.1～3.6℃,最低温度增温2.2～5.2℃,日较差大于棚外-5.1～2.2℃,晴天12:00棚内0cm地温出现0.5℃的"温度逆转"现象;棚内日平均相对湿度高于棚外10%～23%。

The microelimate characteristics of plastic greenhouse in the winter in southern area of Guangxi is studied. Mieroelimate condition in the winter was observed in the plastic greenhouse. The microelimate characteristics in the inside and outside of the plastic greenhouse were analyzed. The results showed that transmittance was 70%-80% in the awning, and was high in the overeast days, low in the sunshine days. The daily average temperature increased 1.3-1.9℃ equally in the awning, The highest temperature increased 3.9-8.4℃, The lowest temperature increased 0.8-1.3℃, The diurnal range inside was 2.7-7.1℃ higher than outside, The temperature reversal is 0.2-0.9℃ inside the plastic greenhouse in the fair days and the cloudy days night. In awning 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 cm various soil layers ground temperature average wanning 2.8-3.6℃. The surface maximum temperature in the cloudless days and in the greenhouse was 0.1-3.6℃ higher than out- side, while the lowest temperature was 2.2-5.2℃. The diurnal range inside was -5.1-2.2℃ higher than outside. There was temperature reversal at 12：00 μm. Inside the plastic greenhouse in the fair days. The average relative humidity inside was higher than outside 10%-23%. The research provided the scientific basis for the instruction agricultural production and the big awning management in winter.