和谐社会的政治经济学基础

The Basics of Political Economy for Harmonious Society

自由市场制度会产生效率,但不会自动产生"社会福利";合理的社会政策是可以与个人自由相容的。这种观点是借助于个人面对某些随机模式时表现出来的社会偏好来论证的。通过"无知之幕"的构思排除了个人的特殊地位对其主观偏好的影响之后,借助于人际间的比较,我们可以证明,每个人都将会表现出两种具有内在联系的社会偏好:一是对"公平的"制度安排的偏好,它们将能够有效缓和"出身"与"运气"等随机因素对个人前景的巨大累积性影响;二是再分配的社会偏好,它将个人对不平等的社会反感,合理化为个人对风险和不确定性的厌恶。这些偏好都可以是理性的个人自愿选择的产物,因而,力图实现这些偏好的明智政策,自然不会与个人自由相冲突。根据这些论证,我们就可以合乎逻辑地讨论建立和谐社会的许多具体公共政策问题。

The article＇s views is that free market will creates efficiency , but will not produce social welfare automatically, and that wise social policy is compatible with individual freedom. The view is proved by the individual social preference that people reveal in face of some stochastic pattern. After removing the effects of one＇ special status on his subjective preference with the aid of the conception of veil of ignorance, we will prove by interpersonal utility comparisons that every body would reveal his social or ethic preference same as below ： （1） preference for just institutional arrangements which will relieve the accumulating effects of stochastic factors（specially class status of one＇s family and luck） on individual＇ future. （2）preference for redistribution , this preference transform individual dislike to social inequity into his aversions to risk and uncertainty . These preferences would be results of rational individual＇s voluntary choice . Thus the wise social policy which will realize these preferences is not conflicts with individual freedom. On basis of these ideas , we can discuss particular problems of social policy logically.