道家贵生思想对中国美术的影响

The health-oriented Daoism and influences upon the Chinese art

道家注重养生,提出了"贵生"、"养生"、"卫生"等理念,以生命为重,轻于名利,淡泊寡欲,强调养生贵在养神,要从道顺德,自然无为。道家认为,死是不可避免的,圣人所要的是"终其寿,全其天",使身心舒适,情欲有节,然后可以得寿。贵生思想对中国美术的描绘内容、意境追求、审美标准以及画家的创作态度、创作方法,尤其是文人画家的创作态度和方法都产生了很大的影响。道家的贵生、尊生和养生思想,体现了中国古人对于生命的重视和肯定,对中国美术思想观念的形成与发展产生了重要的影响。

The Daoism treasures the conceptions of livelihood, health and longevity, stressing more on life, moral, and nature than utility. Daoism states that death is inevitable, and saints pursue controled physical desires for longevity as completion of life. Under the influence of Daoism, Chinese artists are inclined to scenic painting, image pursuit, and aesthetic upgrading with devoted attitude, and creative methodology.