和田河流域土地利用变化及其生态环境效应分析

Analysis on Land Use Changes and Their Ecological Effect in Hotan River Basin

基于遥感和GIS技术及数理统计学方法,利用1990年、1999年、2002年和2005年和田河流域各县市统计资料及遥感影像解译得到的4期土地利用数据,对和田河流域1990-2005年土地利用数量、变化幅度、年变化率、动态度、优势度等进行了定量的分析研究。结果表明,在15年尺度上土地利用总的动态特征是:耕地、林地和城乡建设用地面积增加,草地、水域和未利用地面积减少;综合土地利用动态度是1.28%;优势度没有发生明显的变化,未利用地一直最高;土地利用变化改变了流域内水量平衡、水盐平衡关系,加上对植被的不合理利用,生态平衡遭受到一定程度的破坏。

In this paper, based on RS, GIS and statistical approaches, the land use amount, change extent, annual change rate, dynamic degree, dominance degree and so on in Hotan River Basin of Xinjiang during the period of 1990- 2005 were analyzed. The results showed that the overall trend of land use change in Hotan River Basin was in an enlargement of the areas of cultivated lands, woodlands and building lands but a reduction of meadow lands, unused lands and waters at the 15 -year scale. In these 15 years, the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use change in Hotan River Basin was 1.28%, but dominance degree change was not obvious with that of unused lands having been the highest at all times. To some extent, ecosystem balance had been disturbed with land use change having influenced on the relationships of water quantity balance and water salt equilibrium and vegetation ha;ring unreasonably been made use of in Hotan River Basin.