明代军屯对黄土高原地区土地资源的影响

The Effect of Army Farming on Land Resource of the Ming Dynasty in Loess Plateau

明代边防甚,故朱元璋在北方边境地区设立了九个边防军区:辽东、蓟州、宣府、大同、偏头、延绥、固原、宁夏、甘肃,史称"九边",又在九边以北建立大宁卫、东胜卫、开平卫三个军事重地,防范蒙古军南下。为在不扰民的情况下,解决边防军队的吃饭问题,便令军队在驻地屯田垦荒。这种政策在施行之初确实是必要的和有效的,但以牺牲环境为代价的发展是不可能持久的,其对环境的恶劣影响不断暴露出来。不适度屯垦使晋西北、陕甘宁区域的土地资源遭到极大破坏,加剧了该区域水蚀、风蚀的程度,对黄土高原这一时期迅速增加的水土流失量有着不容低估的作用和影响。

Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang established nine frontier military regions and three important military areas to avoid the Mongolian army moving southward. For affording adequate food , he ordered the army to reclaim wasteland in the stationed place. The policy was necessary cost of environment wasnt long - last. The bad and effective at the beginning, but it＇s development based on the influence on the environment was becoming more and more evident. Inappropriate reclaiming wasteland damaged the land resources of the northwest Jin and Shah Gan Ning District and strengthend the warter and wind erosion. The effect of army forming,which enhanced water and soil loss rapidly, counld＇t be underestimated.