中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析

SITUATION AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCE SECURITY IN CHINA

根据最新的水资源调查评价结果,分析了中国水资源的现状和特点:总量丰富,但人均占有量低;年内年际分配不匀,旱涝灾害频繁,水资源供需矛盾突出;地区分布不均,水土资源不相匹配;水资源利用率低,污染严重。在此基础上,分析了我国水资源安全目前存在的主要问题:水资源时空分布不均严重阻碍社会经济发展;水资源供需矛盾严重,水资源利用效率低下;水质危机导致水资源危机,生态环境恶化严重;水资源管理缺乏科学体制。认为21世纪中国的水资源矛盾将进一步加剧,我国必须进行大规模的改革和强有力的措施,包括节约用水,建立节水型工业,提高用水效率,加强水污染防治,引入市场机制,加强科技创新,树立可持续发展的思想,实行水资源的统一科学管理,维护我国的水资源安全,以缓解我国水资源的供需矛盾,实现经济和社会的可持续发展。

According to the latest results of the investigation and assessment of water resources in China, the current situation and features of water resources in China were analyzed： rich total, small per-capita quantity;uneven distribution among years and occasion, frequent droughts and floods, obvious contradiction between water supply and demand;uneven space distribution, imbalance between water and soil resources; low utilization rate of water resources and serious pollution. On this basis, the main issues existing in water resources security in China are showed in this paper： floods and drought hinder the economic development; water shortage and waste coexist; ecological degradation and serious water pollution; industrial structure and layout are unfit for water conditions; lack of scientific system of water resource management. The contradiction of water resource in China will be more intensified in the 21st century. Large-scale reforms and strong measures must be curried out to promote reasonable utilization and protection of water resources.