沁源县2007年春季麻疹暴发流行病学分析

Analysis on the Outbreak of Measles in the Spring of 2007 in Qinyuan County

目的探索新时期麻疹流行的特点和规律。方法收集2007年春季沁源县麻疹暴发流行的传染病报告卡、个案调查和实验室报告资料,进行临床表现、流行病学特征分析。结果沁源县2007年3月15日～4月27日共确诊麻疹93例,罹患率58.59/10万。病例主要集中在沁源二中及其附近3个乡镇,平均年龄17.3岁,男女比例为1:0.7,职业分布以中小学生发病率最高,有免疫史者66例;93例全部有发热和全身皮疹,但发现口腔黏膜斑和退疹后有色素沉着糠麸样脱皮的分别有13例和26例。结论本次疫情为一起带入性麻疹暴发流行,沁源二中防控机制不健全及应对措施不当是疫情扩散的重要原因;常规免疫疏漏、原继发免疫失败是流行的根本原因。应进一步完善传染病防控机制,切实保障冷链正常运转,在继续做好麻疹常规免疫的同时要加强重点人群的加强免疫,传染病疫情公布方式应改进。

Objective To probe the characteristics and the regularity of the measles breaking out at present. Methods Collecting the report cases throughout the whole county, gathering the related information from the laboratory and investigating individual sufferers, and analyzing the infectors clinical manifestation and the characteristics of the epidemic disease. Results During the period from March 15 to April 27,2007,93eases in all took place in Qinyuan County with the Suffering ratio of 58.59/100 000.The epidemic-stricken people centralized in Qinyuan No.2 Secondary School and three more towns around it. The average age of the patients is 17.3 and the proportion of the male to the female is l：0.7.Obviously,the rate on the students＇ paroxysm is higher, among whom those with immunity experience cover 66. All the 93 cases are marked by fever and rash all over the bodies. But the infectors with small red mucous membrane spots in the oral cavity are only 13, and the ones accompanying with pigmentation as well as the scurf peeling off occupy 26. Besides, the sufferers with enlargement of lymph nodes behind their ears or under their jaws are 67. Conclusion The epidemic disease was brought in by measles infectors. Of all the eauses,imperfect prevention system and unsuitable actions in No.2 Secondary school is the basic,which leads to the widespread of the disease. Simultaneously, careless omission of the routine immunity together with the failure of original and secondary immunity greatly contributed to the prevalence of the pestilence. It＇ s clear enough that the cur- rent preventive system of the contagious disease in the remote areas calls for immediate improvement. Meanwhile, the precautionary work should be emphasized, the routine vaccination against measles should be strengthened and the way of making such kind of outbreak disease public should be improved.