207例脑出血病例发病特点与预后分析

Analysis of onset characteristic and prognosis of cerebral hemorrhage： 207 cases

目的揭示脑出血的发病病凶和规律，了解脑血管病的特点，提高诊治水平，为该病的防治和研究提供基础数据，降低脑出血的发病率、致残率、死亡牢。方法对广州市花都区人民医院脑病中心2007年收治的207例脑出血住院患者的资料按年龄、性别、转归、季节分布、伴随疾病等方面进行整理分析。结果207例脑出血患者中，男性多于女性，平均发病年龄为58．4岁，60岁以上的老年患者（46．38％）多发，冬季发病（32.85％）相对高发；体力劳动者脑出血发病人数高于脑力劳动者，农村居民高于城区居民；GCS评分、瞳孔的变化、有无合并症均可以影响脑出血患者的转归，在不同预后等级中分布差异均有统计学意义（P=0．000；P=0．012：P=0．000）。结论高血压为脑出血的主要危险因素，积极治疗高血．庥，强化健康教育，改变不良生活方式，提高自我保健意识和能力，做好高危人群的防治工作，能减少脑血管病的发生，提高人民的健康水平。

Objective To reveal the etiology and patterns of the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） and provide basic data for prevention, treatment and research of ICH to reduce its incidence and the disability and mortality rates. Methods A descriptive analysis was performed of the data of 207 ICH cases treated in our hospital in 2007 in relation to such factors as the patients＇ age, gender, outcomes, seasonal distribution and concurrent diseases. Results The 207 ICH patients consisted of more male than female patients, with an average age at disease onset of 58.4 years. Elderly patients （over 60 years old） accounted for 46.38% in these patients. ICH was more likely to occur in winter （32.85%）, in subjects undertaking physical labor, and in the rural residents. The Glascow Coma Score （GCS）, papillary changes and complications were all significantly correlated to the outcome of ICH （P=0.000, 0.012, and 0.000, respectively）. Conclusion Hypertension is the major risk factor of ICH, and effective hypertension control, correction of unhealthy life style, improvement of the awareness and ability of self-protection by health education programs, and screening for high-risk populations can help reduce the incidence of ICH.