魏晋南北朝“胡床”意蕴初探

Preliminary Exploration on 'Huchuang Bed' of Wei Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期是一个民族融和的历史时代,各民族之间的交流空前繁荣和深入,一个重要的体现是胡床的流行。胡床在魏晋南北朝时期的流行折射出来的是士人追求独立人格的文化意蕴。它的这种文化意蕴来自使用者本身,胡床本有的使用价值和使用者赋予它的文化精神价值使它具有了其他物品不具有的价值观。伴随着使用者社会地位的衰落和越来越多的人开始使用它,士人赋予它的文化精神价值渐渐褪去。尽管胡床的流行对促进中原汉人的踞坐方式以及相关的礼制起到了很大的变化,但是在魏晋南北朝时期踞坐胡床仍旧是"无礼"的表现,胡床并没有完全取代中原人民原有的床、榻等生活用品。

Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties were historical time of nationalities integration. The exchange among different ethnic groups was extremely prosperous and profound. The popularity of ＇Huchuang Bed＇ could give good expression to the feature of that period and reflected the cultural implication of scholars＇ pursuit of independent human dignity. The cultural implication of ‘Huchuang Bed＇ came from its users. The application value of ‘Huchang Bed＇ and the spiritual value given to this kind of bed made it different from other kind of beds in terms of value. The spiritual value of ‘Huchuang Bed＇ given by scholars gradually disappeared with the decrease of scholars＇ social status and more people＇s application of it. Although the popularity of ‘Huchang Bed＇ facilitated the sitting style of Han ethnic group and the relevant rules and manners, Sitting on ‘Huchuang Bed＇ was still regarded as impolite manner in Wei＇ Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties and it could not completely replace the other beds and living appliances of Han ethnic group.