元阳哈尼梯田大山里的壮丽文化景观

Yuanyang Terrace——The Magnificence of Cultural Landscape in the Mountains.

元阳县哈尼族祖先与彝族、拉祜族等同源于古代的羌人。境内哈尼族有罗碧、罗缅、阿邬、豪尼、郭宏、多尼、白宏、阿松等多种自称,解放后,统称为哈尼族。据哈尼族创世史诗《浦嘎纳嘎》记载,哈尼祖先诞生于遥远的"努玛阿美"地方,后长途迁徙,定居滇中"谷哈"(今昆明一带),融入"昆明"部族,后因战乱频繁,哈尼族祖先被迫离开滇中腹地,南迁六诏山区和滇南红河南岸,多数定居于红河南岸的深山老林中,以今元阳、红河、绿春、金平县境一带为生息繁衍和活动的中心。现哈尼族分布于元阳县各地,多集中于高山和半山地区,这些地区水丰土肥,气候温和,物产丰富。自明、清以来,这些地区逐步得到开发。境内先后置纳楼茶甸长官司、纳更土巡检、稿吾土把总和勐弄、宗瓦、宗哈、五亩、五邦、水塘、马龙六掌寨,统属临安府。民国时期直至解放后,元阳县行政区划几经变更,现属红河哈尼族彝族自治州。元阳县世居哈尼、彝、汉、傣、苗、瑶、壮7种民族,少数民族占总人口数的88.02%,其中哈尼族人就占总入口的53.29%。元阳的哈尼梯田就是哈尼族人世世代代留下的杰作。哈尼族人民依山造田,建造梯田堪称哈尼人民一绝,是他们对历史作出的重大贡献。在海拔280米～1800米之间梯田密布,呈现出一幅"山间水沟如玉带,层层梯田似天梯"的农耕图景。

Along with profound reclamation and alteration,through challenging with the nature and living with the universe, Yuanyang terrace is the masterpiece of the ethnic groups in yuanyang,especially Hani ethnic group.It embodies the harmonious living space under the human being and the nature.People marveled at the magic which is made of forest, rivulet,village,and terrace.The method and system reflect the outstanding wisdom and talent of the Hani ethnic group. Yuanyang terrace is located in the South of the Ailao Mountain,Yuanyang autonomous country,Yunnan province. Under the complicated landform and differential altitude,terrace is very spectacular.The spectacular sight embodies the creativity of the Hani ethnic group.The cultivated method of agriculture is located in the preliminary stage. However,it provides material basis for the development and consummation of the Hani ethnic group.The terrace of Hani ethnic group is listed as one of the seven land system in the book NongZhengYaoShu-land system,written by Xu guangqi,an agriculturalist in the dynasty of Ming.The ethnic group has been considered as'the ethnic group with carving mountain'.