2007年广州市城区部分小汽车车内空气污染状况调查

Investigation on the Status of Air Pollution inside Cars in Guangzhou City in 2007

[目的]了解小汽车车内微环境空气质量及其对车内人员健康造成的影响,以便提出相应的防治措施。[方法]2007年8月,黄埔区疾病预防控制中心在广州市城区对部分小汽车进行车内微环境有害因素检测,并对司机进行问卷调查及体格检查。[结果]调查司机和饮食从业人员各106人,眼睛有刺激感、喷嚏、咳嗽、头晕罹患率,司机高于饮食从业人员(P<0.01或<0.05);恶心、腰痛、皮炎、月经不调(女性)罹患率2组人员的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出现症状者所占比例,开新车的为42.25%,开旧车的占22.86%(P<0.05)。检测123辆小汽车,与室内空气质量标准比较,超标率甲苯、苯、甲醛分别为70.73%、61.79%、29.27%,二甲苯、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、细菌总数分别为21.13%、56.91%、14.63%、2.44%、1.63%。[结论]小汽车内空气中多种有害因素超出国家卫生限值,部分司机出现相应临床症状。

[Objective]To understand the status of air pollution inside cars and its risk factors to the driver＇s health, provide basis for corresponding preventive measures. [Methods]Micro-environment risk factor examination was conducted in cars,questionnaire and physical examination were also carried out for drivers in urban district in August, 2007. [Results] 106 drivers and workers were investigated respectively, the prevalence rate of irritant sensation in eye, sneezing, cough and dizziness was higher among drivers than that among catering employees （ P 〈0.01 or 〈0.05）. There was no difference of the prevalence of nausea,lumbago pain, dermatitis,irregular menstruation（female） in the 2 groups（ P 〉0.05）. The preva- lence rate was 42.25% and 22.86% among the drivers driving new and old car respectively （ P 〈0. 05）. Of the 123 cars tested,over standard rate of dimethylbenzene, benzene and methanal was 70.23 %, 61.79 % and 29.27 %, compared with room air quality respectively. The content of dimethylbenzene, total volatile organic compounds（TVOC）, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and total amount of bacteria was 21.13% ,56.91 % ,14.63 % ,2.44% and 1.63% ,respectively. [Conclusion]A variety of harmful factors in car air were over the national standard, clinical symptoms were reported among some drivers.