歼击机飞行人员屈光不正构成变化的研究

Changes of ametropia consituent in fighter pilots

目的探讨歼击机飞行员和飞行人员在不同年代因屈光不正住院的屈光分布及患病的危险因素。方法对159例因屈光不正住院的飞行人员和66例歼击机飞行员进行回顾性临床分析。对各种屈光类型不同年代的构成进行比较。结果1963-2007年飞行人员近视类屈光不正患病眼数各年代分别为7、18、23、29、39，分别占同年代屈光不正数的11．87％、26．87％、36．51％、63．04％、81．25％，趋势x^2值为68．16（P〈0．01）；远视类屈光不正分别为40、40、34、10、3眼，分别占同年代屈光不正的67．8％、59．7％、53．97％、21．74％、6．25％，趋势x^2值为59．49（P〈0．01）。歼击机飞行员近视类屈光不正不同年代患病眼数分别为2、7、17、8、14眼，分别占同年代屈光不正的13．33％、23．33％、42．5％、40％、63．6％，趋势x^2值为13．75（P〈0．01），呈增加趋势。结论随着年代的推移，远视类屈光不正的发病呈下降趋势，近视类屈光不正则呈增加趋势。飞行人员迟发性近视应予重视。

Objective To investigate pilots and aviators in different decades. the change of ametropia constituent Methods Medical file of aviator cases cases （n= 66） hospitalized for ametropia during 1963 - 2007 were reviewed. about hospitalized fighter （n=159） and fighter pilot Results The number of myopia eyes of hospitalized aviators during 1963-1969,1970- 1979,1980- 1989,1990 -1999,2000-2007 was 7,18,23,29,39 respectively, the ratio of myopia ametropia was 11.87%,26.87%,36.51%,63.04 %, 81.25%,Chi-square test for trend is 68.16 （P〈0.01） ;While the number of hypertropic eyes was 40,40, 34,10 and 3, the ratio of hypertropic ametropia was 67.8%,59.7%,53.97%,21.74%,6.25%,Chi-square test for trend is 59. 49 （P〈 0. 01）;the number of myopia eyes in fighter pilots was 2, 7,17, 8, 14 respectively,the ratio of myopia ametropia was 13.33% ,23.33% ,42.5% ,40% ,63.6%, Chi-square test for trend is 13.75（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Along with the development of years, hypertropic ametropia is decreasing incidence, myopia is increasing incidence. We should pay importance to the increasing late-onset myopia of aviators.