团簇及其制备检测技术

Clusters,Their Preparations and Charaterizations

原子团簇（简称团簇）是几至上千个原子或分子组成相对稳定的聚集体，其性质与单个原子、分子和大块固体均不相同，例如，幻数和壳结构、量子尺寸效应、表面效应和库仑爆炸等。在量子点激光、单电子晶体管、尤其是作为构造单元研制新材料（包括纳米材料）有广阔的应用前景，正为物理、化学和材料科学家共同关注。本文在给出团簇基本概念和研究范畴后，重点讨论团簇制备方法和表征技术。

Atomic clusters (clusters for short) are the aggregates of atoms or molecules in the size range from a few to thousands of the components. Their properties are neither like those for individual atoms nor the corresponding bulk,for instance, magic numbers and shell structures,quantum size effect, surface effect and coulomb explosion, etc.They open the door to the quantum dot lasers and single electron transistors. Particularly they can be used as building blocks to create new materials on nanoscale,which have brought great attentions among the scientists from physics,chemistry and materials science. In this article,basic concepts and research area of clusters are introduced and the em