条件价值法在生态资产估算中的应用与进展

Application and Progress of Contingent Valuation Method in Ecological Assets Estimation

条件价值法（CVM）是在效用最大化理论下，利用假设市场的方式揭示公众对公共产品的支付意愿，从而评估公共物品价值的方法。该方法灵活、简单、数据获取容易、适用性较宽，自从1963年Davis R开始使用条件价值法以来，该方法在生态资产评估中的地位与重要性不断提高，在国外被广泛应用于公共物品与服务价值估价，特别是对生态资产存在价值与遗产价值的估算，文章系统地总结了条件价值法的特点、适用范围、存在的问题与争议，以及在生态资产估算中的应用与国内外进展，最后针对条件价值法的研究热点进行了前瞻性探讨与评价。

Based on the utility maximization, contingent valuation method （CVM） makes use of hypothetical markets to reveal the public＇s willingness to pay （WTP） for improving the ecosystem quality or their willingness to accept （WTA） the compensation for tolerating an environmental press under the trend of ecosystem deterioration and pollution. Thus, the value of public goods can be estimated. CVM has briefness, agility and ease to acquire data and wide applicability. Since 1963, the importance and status of CVM have been advancing whilst it is used to evaluate the public goods and services, especially, to estimate the existing value and bequest value of ecological assets. The characteristics, applicable scope, some problems and disputes of CVM were systemically summarized. The research status quo and trend of CVM were discussed and analysed as well.