某土壤铅污染地区人群生物材料铅含量分析

Analysis of Lead in Blood, Hair and Nail Samples from Resident Exposed to Lead Pollution in Soil

目的对某土壤铅污染地区人群生物材料样品(血液、头发、指甲)中的铅含量进行比较分析。方法2007年11月以某地蓄电池厂旧址及周围远近距离不同的4个村(1个污染村,2个轻度污染村,1个对照村)、居住5 a以上的居民共752人为研究对象,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定研究对象血液、头发、指甲中的铅含量。结果污染村成人、儿童血铅浓度中位数分别为80.50、96.50μg/L,轻度污染村分别为61.50、79.05和57.85、60.00μg/L,对照村为50.20、55.40μg/L,污染村高于其他各村(P<0.05);污染村成人、儿童发铅含量中位数分别为20.81、26.74μg/g,轻度污染村分别为10.32、13.32μg/g和7.91、9.41μg/g,对照村为6.31、7.09μg/g,污染村成人高于其他各村(P<0.05),各村儿童发铅之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);污染村成人、儿童指甲铅含量中位数分别为20.66、38.76μg/g,轻度污染村分别为7.69、20.61μg/g和8.88、19.07μg/g,对照村为6.61、22.36μg/g,污染村成人、儿童指甲铅含量均高于其他村(P<0.05),且同一村儿童指甲铅含量高于成人(P<0.05)。结论土壤铅污染具有持续性,生物材料样品血液、头发、指甲中的铅都是体内铅蓄积情况的良好生物标志物;儿童仍然是铅污染的高危人群,且在发铅、指甲铅中表现更为明显。

Objective To investigate the lead levels in the blood, hair, and nail samples from residents exposed to lead pollution in soil. Methods Levels of lead in the blood, hair, and nail samples from 752 residents exposed to lead pollution in soil were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy in Nov.2007 . Results Blood lead level of residents in polluted village both adults and children （80.50 μg/L, 96.50 μg/L） was significantly higher than that of less polluted villages（61.50 μg/L, 79.05 μg/L and 57.85 μg/L, 60.00 μg/L） and control village （50.20 μg/L, 55.40 μg/L） and revealed statistical significance （P〈0.05）; hair lead level of adults and children （20.81 μg/g, 26.74 μg/g） in polluted village was significantly higher than that of any other village（10.32 μg/g, 13.32 μg/g; 7.91μg/g, 9.41 μg/g, and 6.31 μg/g, 7.09 μg/g） （P〈0.05）, and hair lead levels of children of these sites was different from each other（P〈0.05）; nail lead level of aduhs and children in polluted village（20.66 μg/g, 38.76 μg/g） was significantly higher than that in any other village （7.69 μg/g, 20.61 μg/g; 8.88 μg/g, 19.07 μg/g, and 6.61 μg/g, 23.36μg/g） （P〈0.05）, and level of children was significantly higher than those of adults in the same village （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Soil lead pollution is persistent, the half life of lead in human body is longer, the hair lead and nail lead are practical biomarkers for determining the lead level in the body besides blood lead.