中国粗放型增长方式的成因与强化

Cause and Intensification of China's Extensive Growth Mode

随着中国经济规模的进一步扩张,来自粗放型增长方式的制约变得越来越明显。虽然自1995年甚至更早,中国就提出实现增长由粗放型向集约型转变,但收效甚微。为何计划经济时期业已存在的粗放型增长方式转变如此艰难,主要与中国计划经济时期经济增长的动力结构与分权改革策略有关。为了减少改革阻力,始自1978年的改革策略明显具有边际调整的特征,其最大特点就是,虽然做对了刺激增长的制度激励,但基于"分钱分权"基础上的制度供给也使经济增长动力进入了结构锁定状态。分权改革策略不仅未能为经济增长动力结构升级提供有效激励,而且在政治集权和风险大锅饭体制下,使粗放型增长方式被进一步强化。经验表明,要切实转变中国粗放型经济增长,必须突破基于再分配的制度激励,增加顺应市场的制度供给,以重塑经济增长的微观基础。

As the scale of China＇s economy further expands, constraints from the extensive mode of growth become more and more obvious. Since 1995 or even earlier, China has put forward to achieve change from extensive growth to intensive growth, but there is no effect. Based on the analysis of economic growth under the traditional system and economic reforms, we conclude the structure of growth momentum and the strategies of reform are its cause, the way of decentralization has further intensified extensive growth. In order to reduce the possible resistance of the reform, the reform is boosted by the way of marginal adjustment, which has provided incentives to stimulate growth and brought the effects of Pareto improvements, but system incentives based on ＂distributing money ＂has not bring economic standing growth and the upgrading of the structure of growth momentum. In addition, the existing system of appointing cadres and the mess of the risk has caused the mode of extensive growth to further strengthened. The text holds that changing the incentive mechanism and increasing the provision of pro-market systems are the key to reshape the micro-foundation for economic growth.