原始主义与文学批评

Primitivism and Literary Criticism

"原始主义"在中国当下语境中还是一个较为生疏的概念,与其内涵和意义相反的"现代主义"一词却广为流传。对"原始"的重新认知与评判是与文化人类学中的相对主义潮流密切相关的,"原始主义"更是对"原始"一词的进化论内涵的颠覆性反转。"原始"并非时间概念,而是文化概念。原始与现代两分法比传统与现代两分法更能体现人类学思考与写作的价值。原始主义具有三种含义,分别是人性的原始主义、文化的原始主义和文学的原始主义。在西方现代文学和中国现当代文学中,都存在原始主义、半原始主义与反原始主义三种不同的创作倾向。原始主义文学批评在视野、方法、成果、价值观和目标五个方面与文化人类学密切相关,而原始主义批评方法则体现在批评对象的选择、批评方法的运用和批评目标的达成三个环节上。

＂Primitivism＂ is somewhat an unfamiliar conception in the contemporary Chinese context, while the conception of ＂modernism＂ with an opposite connotation and meaning is quite popular. A reacknowledgement and a valuation of the ＂primitive＂ is closely related to a relativist trend in cultural anthropology. ＂Primitivism＂ is a subversive reversion to the connotation of evolution in the meaning of the word ＂primitive＂. The conception of ＂primitive＂ is rather a cultural than a temporal one. The dichotomy of primitive and modern is more effective than the dichotomy of tradition and modernity in revealing anthropological thinking and the value of writing. Primitivism in literary criticism is closely related to the five aspects, i. e. , the view, the methodology, the results, the value and the target.