汉语言的文字拼音化为何行不通——普通语言学原理的阐释

Why Is Alphabetic System of Writing of Chinese Language Not Feasible——An Explanation of General Linguistics' Principles

汉语言的文字拼音化构想和尝试已有一百多年的历史,至今在学术上仍是个悬而未决的问题。运用索绪尔的普通语言学理论和马丁内的"双重分节"原理与语言"经济"思想,从语言的本质和生成原理、语言符号系统的要素与价值及价值的实现机制、语言与文字的关系等基本原理入手,揭示语素本位原理和语素形位原理以及双重分节原理的"逆定理",在此基础上对世界三大主要类型的几种代表性语言的语素音位系统与语素形位系统的关系做对比研究,可以证明正是这一关系决定了语素的文字类型,即语素音位系统(第二分节)能否自足、有效地区别语素形位系统(第一分节),决定了语言与世界两大类型文字(以汉字为唯一代表的语素文字和以各种拼音字母代表的音素—音节字母文字)不同的适应关系。汉语和日语的语素音位系统由于不能自足、有效地区别各自的语素形位系统,无法单纯靠音素或音节字母拼音来满足区别性语素形位的需要,而要靠增加超音位结构的形位手段,即用增加区别性的表义字形来弥补数量不够的区别性的语素音位结构,所以汉语和日语不可能完全依靠拼音文字充当自己的书面语言符号系统。

The Chinese and Japanese languages, since their morphemic phoneme system cannot sufficiently and efficiently distinct their morphemic moneme system and meet the need of distinguished morphemic moneme merely by phoneme or syllable letters, but need more morphemes of super-phoneme structure, namely more distinguished ideograms, so as to compensate for the shortage of distinguished morphemic phoneme structures. So the Chinese and Japanese languages can＇t depend merely on the letters as their writing systems.