一类拥挤道路与停车设施收费综合优化研究

Class of Comprehensive Optimization of Congested Road-use Pricing and Parking Pricing

拥挤道路使用收费和停车设施收费是解决城市交通拥挤的两种手段,文章对两者收费策略结合条件下的市郊—市区间综合优化问题进行研究.前往市内工作区上班的驾车者到达拥挤收费点后有两种策略可供选择:一是交纳拥挤道路使用费继续驾车前往工作地;二是停车再换乘地铁或BRT等公交方式到达目的地.通过对两种策略下用户的出行成本进行分析,以最大化总的消费者剩余为上层优化目标,以弹性需求下的组合出行网络用户平衡作为下层规划,建立了双层规划模型,设计了基于模式搜索的求解算法.并对算例进行计算和分析,计算结果表明该模型与算法是有效的.

Congested road-use pricing and parking pricing are two solutions to traffic congestions. Supposing congested road-use fee toll-gates and P＆R （Park and Ride） systems are built at the vehicle passageways on the boundary of city central areas, when the private car travelers who want to enter city central area arrive at the vehicle passageways by car, they have two trip modes to choose： one is to pay the congested road-use fee to keep driving to city central areas; the other is to park first and then transfer to public traffic for city central areas. Through setting reasonable congested road-use pricing and parking pricing of P＆R system, more private car travelers will be attracted by P＆R trip mode, which will result in the reduction of cars entering city central areas and the relief of traffic congestions. Aiming at the above two trip modes, a combined trip network was designed, and the trip mode choice model based on logit was established. Based on the above work, considering maximizing Total User Benefit （TUB） as upper planning objective and the user equilibrium model based on combined trip network under elastic demand as lower planning, the hi-level planning of congested road-use pricing and parking pricing was developed, and the heuristic solution algorithm to this bi-level planning was designed. It shows that this hi-level planning is reasonable and its solution algorithm is efficient through a numerical example.