云南贫困山区非木材林产品资源优势与发展途径

Resources advantages and development countermeasure of non-timber forest products in impoverished mountainous areas in Yunnan Province

云南是一个集边疆、民族、贫困和山区"四位一体"的省份。由于特殊的地理位置、地形地貌和气候条件,在一些贫困山区境内孕育着从热带、亚热带、温带、寒温带和寒带的丰富生物种类,非木材产品资源非常丰富,其中野生食用菌产品、竹和竹制品及山野菜等占有较为重要的经济地位。目前,非木材林产品的开发利用为该地区的人们维持生计、增加收入和发展经济发挥了重要的作用。基于国内有关研究成果,在分析云南省非木材林产品资源优势的基础上,通过实地调研,认为云南贫困山区非木材林产品开发利用中存在的主要问题有:非持续性的采集,导致非木材林产品和森林资源的破坏;产业化、规模化水平较低,产品附加值低;非木材林产品营销方式的落后影响了农民的权益;政策扶持不够,科技、资金投入不足。在此基础上,探讨其可持续发展的途径:提出以理顺体制,加强宏观管理;采取科学合理的采集方法,建立非木材林产品采集利用的评估与监测体系;合理布局规划,推进非木材林产品资源产业集群的形成;组建"龙头企业+林农+基地"的发展模式,提高其产业化、规模化水平;建立并完善非木材林产品交易市场体系及产品的研究开发体系等综合发展的路径对策,旨在促进该地区非木材林产品可持续开发利用。

Located in the Southwest border in China, Yunnan Province is a province embracing borders, ethnic groups, poverty and mountains. Some impoverished mountainous areas reserve rich species, and abundant resources of non-timber products （wild mushroom products, bamboo and bamboo products and wild vegetables）. Development and utilization of non-timber forest products are important means to make a living, increase revenue and develop economy for local people. Based on the review of the domestic relevant research findings and the analysis of non-timber forest products resources, on-site surveys, we pointed out the following existing problems in the impoverished mountainous areas： destruction of non-timber products and forest resources caused by unsustainable collection, low level of industrialization, small scale, low added value of products, infringed farmers＇ rights and interests caused by backward non-timber forest products marketing, inadequate policy supports, insufficient inputs in technology and capital. We explore the ways of sustainable development by rationalizing the system, strengthening macro-management, adopting scientific and reasonable collection methods, establishing assessment and monitoring system of non-timber forest products collection and use, rational distribution planning, promoting non-timber forest products industrial clusters, establishing the ＂leading enterprises plus farmers plus bases＂ development model to increase their production and scale, establishing and improving the paths and solutions of trading system and product research and development system of non-timber forest products to promote the sustainable development and utilization of the non-timber forest products in this region. [Ch, 9 ref. ]