基于卫星遥感的秸秆焚烧监测及对空气质量影响分析

Satellite-Remote-Sensing-Based Monitoring of Straw Burning and Analysis of Its Impact on Air Quality

每年6月是我国小麦收割的主要时节,也是秸秆焚烧发生的严重时期。利用卫星遥感技术监测2007年6月全国秸秆焚烧状况,并以某市为例,结合气象资料分析秸秆焚烧对环境空气质量的影响。研究结果表明,秸秆焚烧主要分布在冬小麦生产区,华北平原是秸秆焚烧集中区域,火点数占全国的86.9%;秸秆焚烧主要发生在6月上半月,火点数占全月的87.3%。相关分析表明,该市700、800km范围缓冲区内火点数变化趋势与空气污染指数有较好一致性,相关系数均达0.54,当秸秆焚烧发生在不利于污染物扩散的气象条件下时,将导致空气质量明显下降。

June every year in China is the right season for harvest of wheat, and also the period when straw burning takes place seriously in some part of the country. In June 2007, straw burning was monitored with the aid of the technology of satellite remote sensing. With some city cited as a case for study, impact of straw burning on environmental air quality was analyzed, taking into account the meteorological data of the region. Results show that straw burning happens mainly in winter wheat production area, especially the North China Plain, where the number of straw burning sites accounted for 86. 9% of the country＇s. Within the month of June, straw burning occurred mainly in the first half of the month, accounting for 87.3% of the total in the month. Correlation analysis shows that change in the number of straw burning sites coincided with the change in air pollution index of the buffer area between 700 and 800 km around, with a correlation coefficient being 0.54. When meteorological conditions are not favorable for dispersion of air pollutants, straw burning will significantly affect the air quality.