纤维素酶固定化载体的研究进展

Research Progress of Cellulase Immobilization Carriers

重点介绍了可溶性载体、不溶性载体以及可溶-不可溶性载体固定化纤维素酶的研究进展,3种载体都能不同程度地提高纤维素酶的稳定性与重复使用性。可溶性载体能提高纤维素酶的操作稳定性,有利于水解不溶性的纤维素,但回收不方便。不溶性载体固定化纤维素酶,回收方便,操作稳定性提高,但即使是提高了比表面积和减少了酶与底物的传质阻力的不溶性磁性纳米材料与膜材料固定化纤维素酶,也大多停留在水解可溶的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)阶段,不能高效率地水解不溶的纤维素底物。可溶-不可溶性载体固定纤维素酶,既能方便回收,又能水解不溶性的纤维素底物,但存在难固定,沉淀-溶解过程酶活损失大的缺点,期待开发新的固定方法与新的可溶-不可溶性载体。

Research progress of immobilized eellulases with soluble, insoluble and souble-insoluble carriers was mainly introdueed. Cellulase immobilized on soluble earriers can hydrolyze insoluble cellulose effectively, but eellulase ean＇t be recycled expediently. Cellulase immobilized on insoluble carriers could be reeyeled expediently, but most of them can＇t hydrolyze insolu- ble cellulose because of poor contact. Even immobilized on magnetie nanopartieles and membranes, it could only hydrolyze soluble CMC and not hydrolyze insoluble cellulose effieiently. Immobilized eellulase on soluble-insoluble （S-IS） carriers can hydrolyze insoluble cellulose, and be reeyeled expediently, but eellulase is difficult to be combined on S-IS firmly and the activity and amount loss of the immobilized eellulase is signifieant during preeipitation-dissolution process. It is expected to develop new S-IS and immobilization method.