不同耕作方式对旱作区冬小麦生产和产量的影响

Effects of different tillage managements on production and yield of winter wheat in dryland

为了筛选出适宜旱作区推广的耕作技术,在旱作大田条件下,设置一次深翻、免耕覆盖、深松覆盖、传统耕作四种耕作方式,研究了不同耕作方式下花后土壤水分和养分状况、小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、小麦旗叶净光合速率和小麦籽粒灌浆速率及产量。结果表明,免耕覆盖、深松覆盖开花期和灌浆期0～40cm土层土壤水分含量分别比传统耕作提高了4.13%、6.23%和5.50%、9.27%,0～40cm土层土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于传统耕作,为小麦开花后生长发育提供了良好的环境,从而提高了小麦灌浆中后期旗叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率,促进花后干物质积累及干物质向籽粒转运,进而提高了籽粒灌浆速率,使得籽粒产量显著提高。

In order to select the feasible tillage technology in dry farming areas, the experiment was carried out to study the effects of different tillage managements on production and yield of winter wheat under dry farming field conditions. There were four tillage managements including once deep ploughing tillage, no tillage, subsoiling tillage and conventional tillage. The results showed that with no tillage and subsoiling tillage, form 0 cm to 40 cm soil layer, the soil water contents at the flowering stage and the filling stage increased by 4.13%, 6.23% and 5.50%, 9.27% according to conventional tillage, and the soil available nutrients content were significantly improved, all these indicated that no tillage and subsoiling tillage could provide good conditions for growth and development in the later stage of winter wheat. The no tillage and subsoiling tillage could increase the chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate in winter wheat flag leaf of the later filling stage, all these made leaf physiological function stronger in later growing period of winter wheat. So the filling rate, the post-anthesis biomass production and the grain yield of winter wheat with no tillage and subsoiling tillage were significantly higher than those with conventional tillage.