战争对俄国发展道路的影响

On the Impact of Wars on Russian Development Road

俄罗斯以军事立国。莫斯科公国时代,经常性的战争状态导致了动员型社会、国家战时体制、专制主义统治和农奴制度的形成。但从16世纪到18世纪,对外战争迫使沙皇政权学习和引进西方文化以增强军事和经济力量,从而推动了俄国的欧化进程。19世纪以来,几次大的对外战争深刻地影响了俄罗斯发展道路的选择,而建立军事强国和追求帝国利益的传统目标在其中起了关键作用。

The nation in Russia was always established by military powers.During Moscow Dukedom times,the frequent wars resulted in the formation of the mobilization society,wartime system,autocracy and slavery.But from the 16th century to the 18th century,wars against foreign countries forced the Tsar power to introduce western culture to strengthen military and economic power,and thus promoted the Europeanization of Russia.Since 19th century,several wars against foreign countries exerted tremendous impact on the choice of Russian development road,in which the traditional goal of establishing the military power state and pursuing the Empire interest played an essential role.