元代科举制的文化阐释

A Cultural Interpretition of Keju during Yuan Dynasty

元代科举实行时间短,规模较小,不是元代选官的主要制度。其文化根源是:宋代以后科举文化流弊众多;蒙古统治者主要采用由吏入官的选官之法;蒙元最高统治者不重视科举;元朝政权实行民族歧视政策;蒙古民族崇尚实用主义;元代疆域辽阔,统治者不可能将在汉文化土壤中孕育出的科举制运用于所有的被征服民族和地区。其中,元仁宗废止了诗赋取士之法,而定为以经义取士,这一规定文化影响至为深远。

During Yuan dynasty, the practice of Keju was restricted in a short period with a small scale, Keju was not the primary way in the selection of officials firstly, the negative side of Keju became more and more evidence after Song dynasty. Secondly, the way from officials to dignitaries was adopted by the lords of Mongolia at that time. Thirdly, the majority of Mongolian monarch didn＇t attach importance to Keju. Fourthly, the political reasom was that the Mongolian regime practiced the racialism policy, which led to racialism in Keju. Fifthly, the Mongolian advocated pragmatism was one of the factor that led to Keju which didn＇t became a important system in Yuan dynasty. Finally, the ruled area of Mongolian was far-reaching, and the lords of Mongolia didn＇t put the Keju which had come from Han culture into practice in other area and people be conquered, and it is another factor which Keju didn＇t be thought much of. Hereinto, the way of Poem and Fu from which the officials been chosen, had been abolished, and the way of sutras and their exegesis which had been adopted by Yuan Ren-Emperor, the function of the policy worked on a far-reaching way.