沸点测定仪的安全隐患分析及设计改进

Analysis on the Hidden Safety Trouble of Boiling Point Apparatus and the Improvement of Design

对许多高等院校中基础化学实验教科书的物理化学实验部分中《完全互溶双液系的平衡相图的绘制》实验用沸点测定仪的设计安全隐患进行了讨论。一类安全隐患是由于用自制的、不规范的、裸露的电炉丝作加热器,直接浸泡于低闪点的有机溶剂中存在发生燃烧的隐患。另一类是将自耦调压变压器用作上述加热器的供电电源可能由于电源输入端的相线和零线接反、或是由于零线断路而存在触电的隐患。建议了安全的沸点仪的改进设计。

The hidden safety troubles of boiling point apparatus used in the study of phase diagrams of two complete miscible liquids in many experimental textbooks of physical chemistry were discussed. The first hidden trouble was combustion, which was caused by the homemade and nonstandard heater with exposed electric heating wire dipped in the organic solvent of low flash point. The second was electric shock, caused by using an autotransformer as the power supply of the immersed electric heater, when the phase line and zero line were counter connected, or the zero line was open circuit. The improved design of boiling point apparatus was suggested.