纳米CuO:不同形貌的制备及对高氯酸铵热分解催化性能

Nano-CuO:Preparation with Different Morphologies and Catalytic Performance for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

采用超声法和微波水热法,制备了棒状、球状、梭形和杨桃状纳米CuO粉体。以X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)手段对各种产物进行了表征。用热分析法考察了不同形貌的纳米CuO对高氯酸铵(AP)分解的催化作用。结果表明,四种形貌的纳米CuO均可强烈催化AP的热分解,而棒状和球状纳米CuO的催化活性更高。与纯高氯酸铵相比,加入棒状纳米CuO后AP的高温分解温度降低了124.4℃,加入球形纳米CuO催化剂后高温分解温度降低了122℃,且低温分解峰消失。

Rod-shaped, spherical, shuttle-shaped and starfruit-like CuO nanopowders were prepared with a sonochemical process and microwave-hydrothermal technique, respectively. X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） have been employed to characterize the products. The catalysis of the different morphologies of nanocrystalline CuO powders on NH4ClO4 （AP） decomposition was investigated by thermal analysis. The results show that CuO nanocrystals of different morphologies can all catalyze strongly the AP＇s decomposition. The rod-shaped and spherical CuO nanopowders show better catalytic properties due to their smaller sizes. The spherical CuO lowers the second thermal decomposition temperature of AP by 122 ℃, and the temperature is lowered by 124.4 ℃ for rod-shaped one. The low exothermic peak of AP decomposition disappears for both of spherical and rod-shaped ones.