关于布郎芬布伦纳发展心理学生态系统理论

Understanding on the Ecological System Theory of Bronfenbrenner Developmental Psychology.

目的对布郎芬布伦纳发展心理学的生态系统理论进行分析,并对其优缺点进行述评,促进对该理论的进一步理解与研究。方法结合心理学研究重视生态化的发展趋势,对布郎芬布伦纳发展心理学的生态系统理论的核心进行阐述,通过与传统发展理论的对比,对其局限性及优缺点进行全面分析。结果布朗芬布伦纳提出人与其生活环境相互作用的行为生态系统理论模型,是心理学研究领域的重大进步。它承认人类发展的环境与生物因素的作用,但其研究过分强调环境的作用,而在一定程度上忽略了生物因素的影响。生态系统理论扩大了心理学研究中"环境"的概念,"环境"不仅包括了儿童周围的环境,还包括了影响儿童发展的大的社会、文化环境。确定了相关的4个系统之间存在交互耦合的联系及影响,使心理学研究结果更具有实际意义。布朗芬布伦纳强调了人的发展的动态性,推动了发展心理学的发展。结论生态发展观将环境看作一个不断变化发展的动态过程,强调发展来自于人与环境的相互作用,突破了以往研究中对环境的限定的局限性,拓宽了青少年心理发展的研究范围。尽管在生物因素影响及人类发展连续模型等方面的研究需进一步加强,布朗芬布伦纳的理论对儿童发展的情境影响提供了与众不同和全面的解释,值得我们进一步研究和发展。

Objective Ecological system theory of Bronfenbrenner developmental psychology was analyzed.Advantages and disadvantages of the theory were evaluated.It was beneficial to understanding and researching the theory.Methods The key points of ecological system theory of Bronfenbrenner developmental psychology were illustrated.By comparing the theory with traditional development one,the advantages and disadvantages of the theory were analyzed.Results Bronfenbrenner ecosystem theory model about people to interact with the living environment is a significant progress in the field of psychology research.It considered the action of the environment and biological factors on the development of humankind.But the role of the environment was overemphasized and the effect of biological factors was neglected to some extent in it.Ecosystem theory expanded the concept of ＂environment＂ in psychology research field.＂Environment＂ included not only the environment around children,but also the social and cultural environment.The theory found the interaction relationship among four systems related to the development of humankind and made the research results to have real meaning.It emphasized the dynamic properties of human development and prompted the progress of psychology.Conclusion Eco-development concept dealed with the environment as a dynamic developing process.It stressed that the development came from the interaction between people and the environment,which broke the limitations to environment in previous study,and also expanded the research range in psychological development of adolescent.Although some improvements about the theory should be done on the influence of biological factor and the model of human development,Bronfenbrenner ecological system theory gave a extraordinary interpretation on the influence of environment of the adolescent development and was worthy of research and development.