青海湖流域土地覆盖时空变化与生态保护对策

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Change of Land Use of Qinghai Lake and Its Ecological Protection

本文以青海湖流域为研究对象,采用1986、1995年和2006年三期的遥感数据,研究了20世纪80年代中期以来研究区域土地格局的时空变化特征以及人类活动对景观格局演变的影响.分析了沿湖岸景观廊道的变化.研究结果表明:近几十年来,由于气候变化和人为活动的综合影响,青海湖水位明显下降,青海湖流域草场植被退化严重,土地荒漠化有加速发展的趋势.研究结果对于青海湖流域的生态环境保护与可持续发展均具有指导作用.

Qinghai Lake basin, which is located in the cold Qinghai -Tibet Plateau area, is one of the areas sensitive to global climate change. During the past several decades, due to impacts from climate change and human disturbance, the water level of Qinghai Lake has been falling, the vegetation of grassland in Qinghai Lake basin is degrading, and the desertifieation of land is expanding rapidly. The ecological environment is very sensitive and fragile and the ecological problems become increasingly serious, which has a bad impact on the local socio-economic development and the ecological environment, as well as people＇s property safety in Qinghai province. Based on the data of 1986, 1995 and 2006 Landsat7 ETM image, with the help of RS and GIS, the land use pattern of Qinghai Lake was analyzed. The spatial structure indices were indicated. It showed that the driven forces of land use change dynamics and temporal and spatial change of Land Use. The study provided a strong theoretical and technical basis for the region＇s ecological protection policy formulation and scientific environmental management.