影响芋茎尖培养中脱毒和快速繁殖的几个生理因素

Several Physiological Factors Influencing Virus-free and Rapid Propagation in Shoot-tip Culture of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott

以3个芋品种‘(石川早生’、‘虾籽芋’、‘叶用芋)球茎茎尖为外植体,进行脱病毒和快繁的结果表明,外植体表面灭菌的最佳方法是剥鳞片→乙醇→新洁尔灭→剥幼叶→氯化汞;适宜茎尖分化的培养基为MS+1.0～2.0mg·L-16-BA+0.2mg·L-1NAA。生物学方法和电镜观察显示:连续3代0.5～0.7mm茎尖剥离培养对芋花叶病毒(DMV)的脱毒率达100%。在培养基MS+0.2mg·L-1NAA中,适量添加6-BA和TDZ,三品种芋的试管苗增殖效果好;附加KT,试管苗生长健壮且利于生根;添加20～100mg·L-1的精胺(Spm),可促进不定芽的发生,与KT配合使用可促使继代增殖和成苗一步完成。完整植株在草炭土:蛭石=1:1的基质中,移栽成活率超过97%,且苗生长健壮。

Shoot-tips of corm in three cultivars of taro （Colocasia esculenta L.） as explants, the virus-free culture and rapid propagation were studied. The results showed that optimal sterilization method of explants was scaling, dipping in ethanol and bromogeramine, scaling young leaves and dipping in mercuric chloride. The appropriate media for buds differentiation was MS＋1.0-2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.2 mg·L^-1NAA. With the biological and electron microscopy technique, virus-free rate of dasheen mosaic virus from taro plantlets were 100% by using 0.5-0.7 mm length exfoliated shoot-tip to culture three times. MS＋0.2 mg·L^-1NAA with 6-BA and TDZ was good for shoot multiplication of three cultivars of taro. The seedling grew up healthy and rooting were promoted by adding KT. The bud proliferation of plantlet were promoted by adding 20-100 mg·L^-1 Spin. Using Spin in media with KT, subculture and seedling formation were synchronously accomplished. In the substrata of turfy soil and vermiculite fifty-fifty, the survival rate reached 97%, and plantlets grew up healthy.